Probiotics and Mycotoxin Detoxification (Probiotic Mould Detox) In the quest to understand how to detox from mould and alleviate mould-related illnesses, it's essential to explore various strategies and tools. One such strategy that holds promise in combating mould-related health issues is the use of probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in sufficient amounts, offer health benefits to the host, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). These microorganisms have found their way into various products, including foods, drugs, and dietary supplements. Fast Glance at Probiotic Properties Probiotics offer numerous benefits beyond their basic nutritional value. They can help alleviate conditions like lactose intolerance, maintain digestive tract balance, and modulate inflammatory responses. Some of the most extensively studied and widely used probiotics include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), and certain Bacillus species. Researchers have identified these nonpathogenic, nontoxigenic, and fermentative microorganisms as valuable additions to "functional foods" and growth supplements for human health. Additionally, probiotics have found applications in aquaculture, where they serve as alternatives to antibiotics or disinfectants, improving water quality. They've even shown promise in removing contaminants like heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins, making them valuable bio-agents for enhancing food safety. Mycotoxins Detoxification by Probiotics and the Related Mechanism The biological detoxification of mycotoxins by probiotic bacteria has been the subject of numerous studies over the years. Probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts like Saccharomyces genus, employ two primary mechanisms for mycotoxin removal: surface adsorption and biodegradation. Cell-Binding of Mycotoxins Researchers have conducted extensive studies on the binding capacity of probiotics, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus pentosus, to mycotoxins. This binding capacity has been found to be strain-dependent and influenced by factors such as the toxin's natural structure and physicochemical conditions. The structural components of probiotic cell walls, especially LAB with typical Gram-positive bacterial cell walls, play a pivotal role in toxin binding. These cell walls consist of thick, multilayered peptidoglycan sacculi adorned with various glycopolymers, including teichoic acids (TAs), polysaccharides (PSs), and proteinaceous Slayer. The abundance of negatively charged functional groups in LAB's cell walls facilitates toxin binding. In the case of yeasts like Saccharomyces genus, the cell wall is primarily composed of an inner layer with β-glucans and chitin, and an outer layer with heavily glycosylated mannoproteins. Studies suggest that the thickness of the cell wall depends on the reticular organisation of β-D-glucans and the content of β-(1,3)-D-glucans, which affects toxin adsorption efficacy. Biodegradation In contrast to cell-binding methods, research on the biodegradation of mycotoxins by probiotics is limited but promising. Recent studies have shown that certain Streptomyces strains possess strong capabilities to degrade mycotoxins like AFB1 and ZON, eliminating their genotoxicity. Additionally, Bacillus licheniformis isolate CFR1 has demonstrated the ability to degrade aflatoxin B1 effectively. When considering the practical application of biological detoxification, it's crucial to monitor the potential hazardous metabolites and biological effects that may arise during the mycotoxin biodegradation process. Mycotoxin Degradation by Recombinant Enzymes Aside from probiotics, recombinant enzymes have also emerged as valuable tools in the fight against mycotoxins. Various enzymes have been identified for mycotoxin degradation, including laccase, manganese peroxidase, and oxidase. These enzymes can transform mycotoxins into less toxic or non-toxic products, offering a reproducible and efficient method for mycotoxin elimination. The application of genetic engineering techniques allows for the efficient production of these enzymes at lower economic and labor costs compared to traditional methods. For example, researchers have successfully cloned and expressed genes for peroxiredoxin (Prx) from Acinetobacter sp. SM04 and lactone hydrolase ZHD from Clonostachys rosea. These recombinant enzymes have shown the ability to degrade mycotoxins like ZEA efficiently. Probiotic-Rich Foods for Mycotoxin Detoxification If you're looking to incorporate probiotics into your diet for mycotoxin detoxification, it's essential to focus on grain-free options. Here are some probiotic-rich foods that can help you achieve this goal:
Sauerkraut: Sauerkraut is fermented cabbage that can provide a healthy dose of Lactobacillus bacteria.
Kimchi: Kimchi is a Korean fermented dish primarily made from napa cabbage and Korean radishes. It contains various strains of LAB, making it a great probiotic food choice.
Coconut Milk Yogurt: Opt for coconut milk yogurt instead of dairy-based yogurt. It's often enriched with probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium.
Fermented Vegetables: Beyond sauerkraut and kimchi, you can ferment various vegetables like carrots, beets, and cucumbers at home. Use sea salt and water for fermentation.
Water Kefir: Water kefir is a bubbly, fermented beverage made by culturing water with kefir grains. It's a dairy-free alternative to milk kefir and can provide beneficial probiotics.
Kombucha: Kombucha is a fermented tea that contains a variety of probiotics.
Probiotic Supplements: For a more concentrated source of probiotics, consider high-quality probiotic supplements.
Remember to check product labels and ingredient lists when purchasing probiotic-rich foods or supplements to ensure they align with your grain-free diet. Incorporating these foods into your routine can contribute to a healthy gut microbiome, which plays a crucial role in mycotoxin detoxification and overall
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